One of the crucial challenges within the optimal operation of smart cities is coordinated management of multiple Energy carriers in the residential buildings owing to disparate and often conflicting objectives. In response to this challenge, this paper proposes a novel conceptual cost-emission-based scheme for optimal Energy-gas use in a smart home in the context of residential Energy hubs considering a meaningful trade-off between cost saving and environmental protection. Various Energy conversion reSources containing Energy and heat storage systems, rooftop photovoltaic modules, and also combined heat and power units along with responsible electrical and thermal loads are taken into account in the proposed model. Furthermore, an efficient stochastic scenario-based method is executed to tackle the intense uncertainty associated with photovoltaic production. The proposed model reduces domestic Energy consumption and utility costs by incorporating a weighted summation mixed objective function under various system constraints and user preferences, while at t the same time optimal task scheduling and comfort for the resident that it can guarantee a good lifestyle. The presented scheme is carried out on a realistic case study equipped with Energy hubs and as expected, introduces its applicability and effectiveness in the optimal Energy management of the proposed residential Energy hub problem. The simulation results confirm that Energy procurement costs can be saved by up to 46.16% and emission costs by 34.07% while maintaining the desired level of comfort for the head of the household.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The problem of Energy saving and the transition to technologies that allow to partially or completely move away from the use of gas and other fossil fuels are a priority in Ukraine today. By consuming traditional Energy Sources using outdated technologies for Energy supply of industrial facilities, Ukraine consumes 3-4 times more fuel per unit of Gross Domestic Product compared to developed countries. For industrial enterprises, the Energy intensity of costs is 35-40% of the total cost. At the same time, obsolete fixed assets, especially its active part (the degree of physical wear and tear of industrial equipment is 60-65%), are characterized by a large share of Energy and heat loss. METHODS: Modeling, structural analysis, and theoretical research based on current advances in the theory and practice of creating Energy-efficient buildings using Energy from alternative Sources. FINDINGS: Calculations and structural analysis of costs by stages of the life cycle of the design solution of the hot water supply and heating system with Energy-efficient fencing and heat pump have been made. Peculiarities of calculation of assessment and design solutions in accordance with the Ukrainian legislation have been determined. The study has been conducted in seven Ukrainian industrial enterprises in the Energy sector. CONCLUSION: It is determined that the structural analysis of costs by stages of the project life cycle on the basis of standard costing should be used at the stage of designing a new power system or upgrading an existing one through marketing research. All this will contribute to the formation of a fundamentally new approach to solving technical and economic problems of the introduction of modernized Energy supply systems for industrial purpose.

he study highlights the importance to develop the national economy through assuring Energy security. The study aims to analyze how to develop Renewable Energy Sources, determine the main priorities of Ukraine’ s national security policy and discover novel ways of assuring Energy security due to developing the industry of Renewable Energy in the light of environmental safety, Energy conservation and efficiency. The following scientific methods were employed: synthesis and analysis – to determine the essence and significance of RES in order to assure Energy security; theoretical generalization – to single out the main stages of Renewable Energy development; classification – to classify the main advantages of introduction of RES, as well as the obstacles to their implementation; logical generalization – to justify the relevance, aim and objectives of the study; the method of rising from the abstract to the concrete – to develop and justify the ways of assuring Energy security provided that Renewable production is developed. The following results are obtained: the main conditions for developing RE are determined; some relevant issues of Energy efficiency and assurance of Ukraine’ s Energy security are justified; significant potential of Ukraine’ s Renewable Energy industry is discovered and analyzed; target values Ukraine seeks to achieve with the help of the Energy generated from RES in final Energy consumption are analyzed; the main criteria for developing Ukraine’ s fuel and Energy complex are revealed and the key branch ratio values of the state’ s Energy balance are determined.

Microgrid and smart electrical grids are among the new concepts in power systems that support new technologies within themselves. Electric cars are some advanced technologies that their optimized use can increase grid efficiency. The modern electric cars sometimes, through the necessary infrastructure and proper management, can serve as an Energy source to supply grid loads. This study was conducted to investigate the Energy management for production and storage reSources. For this purpose, we considered the market price of Energy, the prices quoted by distributed generation Sources, and electric vehicles in the grid and responsive loads. The load response programs used include the time of use and direct load control. The problem has a linear mixed-integer planning structure that was simulated using the GAMS software. The results show that with this planning, the proposed load response programs have a positive impact on cost reduction.

This article investigates the relationship between transportation infrastructure, Renewable Energy Sources and economic growth in Iran during the period of 1991-2021 using self-explanatory vector methods with distributive breaks and short-term and long-term Grangerian causality using the error correction model. . The results of this study show that Renewable Energy moderates the consumption of petroleum products in the long term for Iran by 0.48%. In addition, transportation, foreign direct investment and added value of industry increase the consumption of petroleum products in Iran by 0.66, 0.14 and 0.33%, respectively. Also, a strong short-term and long-term causality relationship is confirmed from the side of Renewable energies to the transportation industry infrastructure, and a strong short-term and long-term causality relationship is also confirmed from the side of the transportation infrastructure to economic growth. The strong short-term and long-term causality relationship from Renewable Energy to economic growth is also confirmed.

With the increasing development of human science and societies as well as increased air pollution and global temperature, the need for Renewable Energy and electric vehicles has increased more than ever. Wind farms, as well as solar cells have a special place because of their greater production capacity, more general acceptability and cost-effectiveness. The main challenge in RESs development is uncertainty in their generation due to lack of continuous availability of adequate wind speed and solar radiation during 24 hours of day. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed for power system probabilistic scheduling considering electric vehicles and RESs. In the proposed model, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) approach is employed to generate scenarios for wind speed and solar radiation. Besides, a technique based on Kantorovich distance matrix is employed to reduce the generated scenarios. Conditional value at risk (CVaR) method is used for management and analysis of risks due to the system uncertainties. Moreover, the efficiency of electric vehicles batteries to cover the uncertainties of RESs is evaluated. Furthermore, the optimal placement of Vehicle to grid (V2g) stations and RESs (wind and solar farms) are determined. Modified IEEE 24-bus test system including two wind farms, three solar farms and three V2g stations is studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. Results of simulation in Gams software environment demonstrate that the power stored in V2g stations play an effective role in covering the uncertainties of wind and solar farms power generation.

This paper presents the system stability-constrianted optimal protection coordination (SSCOPC) as stochastic problem in the microgrid with grid-connected and islanded operation modes, including Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Energy storage systems (ESSs). To regulate optimally the dual setting overcurrent relays (DSORs) and to selectin the reactance size of fault current limiter (FCL), the system minimizes the total relays operation time in the primary and backup protection modes. Also, it is subject to the limits of the coordination time interval (CTI), DSORs setting parameters, FCL size, and microgrid stability in the fault condition. Generally, the microgrid includes RESs and ESSs,thus, the proposed SSCOPC needs a daily operation of microgrid as stochastic model to calculate network variables before fault occurrence. Hence, s this situation minimizes the microgrid operation cost and load shedding cost of islanded microgid which are subjected to optimal power flow equations in the presence of RESs and ESSswhile considering the uncertainty of the load and its generation. Therefore, by applying the proposed problem on the 9 and 32 bus microgrid, solving the problem by the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA), and selecting optimal size of RESs and ESSs, based on operation and protection coordination indices, the proposed SSCOPC can obtain a fast protection solution that considers system stability in faulty conditions.

The world is facing an Energy crisis brought about by the ever increasing consumption of fossil fuels that leads to pollution and health problems. The Renewable clean energies must be used if we are to witness economic development and reduce fossil fuel consumption. To this end, educational systems play an important role as they are the initial stage wherein the concept of clean/Renewable energies can be dealt with. Solar, wind, geothermal, and biogas energies that are clean, Renewable, and abundant, need to be covered in our textbooks in order to prepare the grounds for the expansion of their use. Whether that is the case in Iranian elementary school textbooks or not, 2836 pages of all such textbooks were content analyzed. The findings show that solar Energy coverage has the highest frequency and significance, while tidal, geothermal, and waves energies are the least frequently covered topic in these books.